疫情下，譯潔威海翻譯公司分享醫(yī)學詞語“患”字英譯法

英語中表示“患病”的說法很(hěn)多(duō)，因此“患”字也就有許多(duō)譯法。一般常用的譯法有：have, suffer from, be ill with, be sick with, get, contract。下面就以上(shàng)幾種譯法分别作(zuò)一簡單介紹。

一、have

have是表達“患病”概念最常用的譯法之一，也是最通(tōng)俗的說法，多(duō)用于口語中。例如：

1. According to your history, physical examination and laboratory tests,you have an acute pancreatitis.

根據你(nǐ)的病史、體(tǐ)檢和(hé)實驗室化驗，你(nǐ)患的是急性胰腺炎。

2. As I remember, my brother and sister both had severe asthmatic attacks in their childhood.

我記得(de)，我弟弟和(hé)妹妹童年時(shí)都患過嚴重的哮喘病。

二、suffer from

suffer from也常用來(lái)表示“患病”的概念，特别在醫(yī)生(shēng)與病人(rén)的交談中用得(de)比較多(duō)，通(tōng)常多(duō)用于進行(xíng)時(shí)态。例如：

3. It shows he's most likely suffering from infection mononucleosis.

這說明(míng)，他很(hěn)可(kě)能患了傳染性單核細胞增多(duō)症。

4. She was suffering from heart disease and would feel faint at the slightest physical exertion.

她患有心髒病,稍一做(zuò)體(tǐ)力活就感到頭暈。

當然，suffer from也可(kě)用于其他時(shí)态。例如：

5. His maternal uncles have suffered from migraines for a number of years.

他的舅舅們患偏頭痛有好多(duō)年了。

三、(be) ill with

一般多(duō)用于英國英語。例如：

6. The patient is ill with influenza.

病人(rén)患流行(xíng)性感冒。

7. Patients ill with chronic bronchitis are advised to give up smoking and do a lot of exercise to build up their health. 

應勸告慢性支氣管炎患者戒煙并多(duō)鍛煉以增進健康。

注：有時(shí)我們也見到用il of代替illwith表示“患病”之意，但(dàn)在現代英語中已比較少(shǎo)用了。

四、(be) sick with

多(duō)用于美國英語中，與 be ill with同義，二者常可(kě)替換使用。但(dàn)sick with 不能改為(wèi) sick of。例如：

8. The patient on the left is sick with gall-stones.

左邊那(nà)個(gè)病人(rén)患膽石病。

9. The doctor told me that I was sick(ill) with hypertension.

醫(yī)生(shēng)說我患有高(gāo)血壓症。

五、contract

contract表示“患病”時(shí)是較正式的用語，常用于書(shū)面語中。例如：

10. The patient may contract acute bacterial peritonitis, in which case a surgical intervention should be considered.

該病人(rén)可(kě)能患有急性細菌性腹膜炎，在此情況下就得(de)考慮手術(shù)處理(lǐ)。

11. One person may contract a disease while another person who was exposed to the same illness at the same time may not get it.

一個(gè)人(rén)可(kě)能得(de)某種疾病，而另一個(gè)人(rén)在同一時(shí)間(jiān)接觸同一疾病卻可(kě)能不得(de)此病。

六、get

get是一個(gè)意義非常廣泛的詞，也常可(kě)用來(lái)表達“患病”的概念。

例如：

12. His father got hepatitis three months ago. 

他父親三個(gè)月以前患過肝炎。

13. He received seven injections of streptomycin when he got pneumonia two years ago.

兩年前他因患肺炎注射過七針鏈黴素。

除上(shàng)面介紹的幾種常見的表示“患病”的譯法以外，還(hái)有一些(xiē)說法，我們也時(shí)常碰到。如：betroubled with, fall ill (sick), get (become) ill等。這些(xiē)說法在表示“患病”概念時(shí)，意思基本相同。

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